Cleft Lip Repair Indianapolias

Final Research Paper

Do you believe beauty can create more confidence? Do you believe looking beautiful can create more opportunities? Yes, this is what some people believe and why plastic surgery is very popular in many countries. In 2008, 11.7 million plastic surgeries were done in the United States. Even though the United States’ population is more than six times larger than South Korea, the amount of cosmetic procedures in South Korea is greater by 4.9 times (Fackler, 2009). “ A physician, Susruta, who was famous in ancient India reconstructed damaged noses and corrected deformities of the earlobe (William E. Brown, 1970). At that time, cutting off noses was a punishment for thieves, unfaithful spouses, and defeated enemies, so reconstruction of noses was implemented by individuals in lower caste system (Panfilov, 2005). Furthermore, other procedures were not created until later. The oldest Indian method was grafting the cheek or forehead flaps to reconstruct some damaged organ. Then, these methods of plastic surgery got improvements because these procedures gradually became introduced to other countries. A history of plastic surgery in the second period is from the fifteenth century to the nineteenth century. The ranges and techniques of cosmetic surgery got a qualitative leap. Dissection was accepted gradually by most people, and it promoted the knowledge of anatomy and accurate drawings to get improves the process. Because illustrations of anatomical texts ware published, surgeons could carefully understand human body structures. It increased the accuracy of anatomical drawings and the artistic quality in cosmetic surgery. For example, an excellent physician and surgeon named Berengario da Carpi was the first one to describe organs like the appendix, the thymus, the vas deferens and the synovial. The studies by Berengario were used to create breast reconstruction (Santoni-Rugiu & Sykes, 2007). The last period of history of cosmetic surgery ranges from the nineteenth century to the present day. Cosmetic surgery healed many people who were disfigured in wars, while its research fields became broadened. War played a huge role in the history of plastic surgery. World War I presented physicians with scores of severe facial wounds and burns, changing the history of plastic surgery. Modern weapons caused types and severity of injuries that were unprecedented in the history of plastic surgery.

Cleft Lip and Palate, Long-Term Results and Future Prospects: Proceedings of the First International Meeting of the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain

Surgical techniques in cleft lip and palate

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Indianapolis Monthly